[-AI-3.5]Ten commands to know for managing files in a Linux system

Abstract

Linuxシステムでファイルを管理するためには、いくつかのコマンドを知ることが重要です。ここでは、Linux初心者でも理解できるように簡潔に説明された10のコマンドを紹介します。これらのコマンドに慣れることで、Linuxを効率的に使えるようになるでしょう。

• ファイルとディレクトリのリストを表示するには、「ls」コマンドを使います。
• ファイルのコピーには「cp」コマンドを使います。
• ファイルの移動や名前を変更するには、「mv」コマンドを使います。
• 現在のディレクトリの場所を知るには、「pwd」コマンドを使います。
• ファイルの内容を表示するには、「cat」、「tail」、「head」コマンドを使います。
• ファイルシステムを操作するためには、「mkdir」、「rm」、「rmdir」コマンドを使います。
• ファイルの許可を管理するためには、「chmod」と「chown」コマンドを使います。
• パッケージのインストール、更新、アンインストールには、「apt-get」と「yum」コマンドを使います。
• コマンドのヒントを表示するには、「man」コマンドを使います。

これらのコマンドをマスターすることは、Linuxシステムを正しく操作するために必要なスキルです。

Table of contents

• Introduction
• Display a list of files and directories
• Copy a file
• Move or rename a file
• Determine current location
• Display file contents
• Manipulate file system
• Manage permissions
• Install, update, uninstall packages
• Show command hints
• Conclusion.

-- CAUTION

[Text]This blog is purely generated by Cohesive.ai

Introduction

To manage files in the Linux system, it is important to know some commands. Here are 10 commands introduced concisely in a way that even Linux beginners can understand. By getting used to these commands, you should be able to use Linux efficiently.

Display a list of files and directories

When listing files and directories, the indispensable command is undoubtedly ’ls’. This command allows you to display a list of files and directories in the specified location. You can also display more specific information by using options. For example, using the ’-l’ option displays detailed information such as owner, size, date of update, and permissions. Also, remember that if a file name starts with a ’.’ it means that it is a hidden file.

Copy files

To copy files to another folder, use the cp command. If the destination folder does not exist yet, you need to add the -r flag.

For example, to copy a file from the home/user1/documents folder to the home/user2/documents folder, use the following command: ‘‘‘ cp /home/user1/documents/filename /home/user2/documents ‘‘‘ To copy a folder, use the -r flag: ‘‘‘ cp -r /home/user1/documents/foldername /home/user2/documents ‘‘‘ To change the name of the destination, write the new name of the destination before the file name: ‘‘‘ cp /home/user1/documents/filename /home/user2/documents/newfilename ‘‘‘ For safety reasons, it is recommended to backup the original file before copying.

Move or rename files

The command for moving or renaming files is mv. With the mv command, you can easily move or rename files. To move a file, specify the file name to be moved and the destination directory after mv. To rename a file, specify the current file name and the new file name after mv. When moving or renaming files, be careful. If you make a mistake, you may lose the file.

Understand the current location

• Command: pwd
• Displaying the path: You can know the location of the current directory in the prompt.
• Useful tip: You can use pwd to remember the path. Even if you forget where you are when using other commands, you can always use pwd to confirm your location.

Display the contents of the file

Cat, tail, and head are essential commands for Linux users, used to display the contents of files. The cat command outputs the entire file, tail outputs the end of the file, and head outputs the beginning of the file. By using these commands correctly, users can easily view file contents. Additionally, by combining these commands, users can perform various filtering options. For example, they can be used with the grep command to search for specific patterns. In some cases, monitoring log files carefully may be necessary. The tail command is used to track the last lines and display new logs. With this command, users can quickly check for new information in their specified files. The cat command is used to open, display, and close files. These commands are often used together in bash scripts to automate file processing.

Manipulate the file system

To manipulate the file system, use the mkdir command to create a new directory. For example, to create a directory named ’Documents’ and save it in the Home directory, execute the following command: mkdir /home/[username]/Documents

To delete a file, use the rm command. To permanently delete a file, use the ’-rf’ flag. For example, to delete ’example.txt’, execute the following command: rm example.txt

To delete a directory, use the rmdir command. However, if the directory contains files, use the rm command to delete the directory. For example, to delete the ’Documents’ directory, execute the following command: rmdir /home/[username]/Documents

Mastering these file system operation commands is a necessary skill to operate a Linux system correctly.

Manage permissions

To securely manage files in Linux, it is important to manage permissions. Two commands used for permission management are chmod and chown.

With the chmod command, you can change the file’s permission. Permissions represent the user, group, and other people’s rights. For example, you can adjust whether you can edit the file or allow others to execute it.

On the other hand, the chown command allows you to change the owner of a file or directory. The owner is the user who created the file or directory. You can also enable other users to modify the file.

By correctly managing permissions, you can protect your files, but it is not foolproof and can prevent accidental changes.

Install, update, and uninstall packages

Install, update, and uninstall packages. Managing packages is crucial to understanding Linux. Apt-get and yum are the main commands used to install, update, and uninstall packages. Apt-get is used in Debian-based systems, while yum is used in Red Hat-based systems.

To install a new package, use ’apt-get install’ or ’yum install’. To update packages, use ’apt-get update’ or ’yum check-update’. To uninstall packages, use ’apt-get remove’ or ’yum remove’.

When installing packages, it’s important to pay attention to dependencies. When you install a package using ’apt-get install’ or ’yum install’, necessary dependency packages are automatically installed. When uninstalling packages, be aware that dependency packages will not be uninstalled.

Understanding package management is one of the most important things when using Linux. By understanding apt-get and yum, you will be able to install, update, and uninstall packages.

Display command hints

For Linux beginners, understanding commands is not easy. However, with the man command that comes standard with Linux, you can easily get hints for any command. For example, by entering man ls, you can get information on how to use the ls command. It’s useful!

Conclusion

Linux systems may be somewhat overwhelming for beginners as they are very powerful. However, if you master the ten commands introduced in this article, you will be able to easily manage files on Linux. Once you become proficient in using these commands, you are already an advanced user in Linux.