[-AI-3.5]Modern history of Outstanding Chinese Figures(19th century or later)

Abstract

19世紀に始まり、中国に著しい変化をもたらした近代中国史。西洋文化の影響力が拡大し、多様な文化と芸術が繁栄した。同時に、国内外の指導者や支配層との政治的な激動があり、紛争が激化した。中国は世界最古の国の一つであり、世界経済に重要な役割を果たしている。多様な先住民族集団、模範的な教育制度、多様な宗教や芸術の存在によって、中国は世界文化の中心地となってきた。しかし、西洋諸国は植民地主義に由来する偏見に基づいて中国を低く見積もっている。それでもなお、傑出した中国人が開発した技術や芸術は、世界に大きな影響を与えている。このブログでは、近代中国の傑出した文化人たちに焦点を当て、彼らの貢献を紹介している。

慈善家：宋庆龄　

宋慶齡は、近代中国史上最も重要な人物の一人である。彼女は孫逸仙の妻であり、孫逸仙革命後の共和国の発展に大きな貢献をした。彼女は社会福祉と女性教育に尽力した。中国革命の成功は彼女の重要な貢献に多くを負う。宋庆龄は孫逸仙の思想を受け継ぎ、孫逸仙の「三民主義」を実践した。三民主義には民族主義、民主主義、国民の生計の原則が含まれるが、宋庆龄は後者に重点を置いた。これが、彼女が中国社会福祉の発展に大きな貢献をした理由の一つである。彼女は女性解放運動にも熱心に取り組み、ナショナリスト政府の女性部門の創設に尽力した。

作家：魯迅　

魯迅は、彼の一生を通じて近代中国文学に重要な影響を与えた。彼は作家、翻訳家、言語学者、そして文化運動の指導者として知られている。魯迅は、その堅固さや誠実さで知られており、「狂人日記」は現代文学の傑作とされている。彼の文学的な業績は、長短編小説、エッセイ、批評などに見られる。しかし、魯迅が持つ重要性は、上記のものを超えている。彼の主張は他の国々から高く評価されている。それらには、彼の作品が示す中国社会の問題、一般的な人間の苦しみ、そして人々にその力を与えることが含まれる。これらの問題は今日でも当てはまっている。

映画監督：張震　

中国の映画産業は長年世界中で認められてきた。しかし、西洋の映画産業に比べて、映画製作設備や業界のコントロールなどの問題があった。それでも、強い信念と強力な表現力により、中国の映画産業は海外の賞を多数受賞し続けている。そのような中、張震は中国映画史上最高の監督の一人である。彼は優れた演出力と芸術性で知られており、多くの映画賞を受賞している。

科学者：屠呦呦　

中国の歴史において、屠呦呦は科学者として中国医学に大きな貢献をした。彼女は1930年代からマラリアの治療に研究を始め、1960年代にアルテミシニンを発見した。この発見は、世界中のマラリア患者に対して革命的な意義を持っていた。屠呦呦は2015年にノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞し、その業績が認められ、マラリアの研究を続ける多くの人々に希望を与えた。

陶芸家：萬古行

20世紀初頭に、万古行は中国の陶芸環境を変革するために活動した重要人物だ。彼は日本の金沢美術工芸大学で陶芸を学び、その後中国陶磁器技術学院に入った。彼は中国の伝統的な陶磁器や高度な技術について学んだ。彼の作品は、当時の中国の伝統的な陶磁器とは異なる、シンプルなラインと流れるフォルムが特徴的で、その美しさは抜群だった。また、彼の作品には機能的・美術的な要素があり、日常品として使われた。

Table of contents

• Introduction
• Philanthropist: Soong Ching Ling
• Writer: Lu Xun
• Film Director: Zhang Yimou
• Scientist: Tu Youyou
• Pottery Artist: Wan Gu Liangchuan
• Conclusion

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Introduction

Modern Chinese history represents a period of transformation that began in the 19th century and brought significant changes to China. The influence of Western culture expanded and diverse cultures and arts prospered. At the same time, there were many political upheavals within the country, and conflicts with leaders and ruling classes both domestically and internationally intensified.

China is one of the oldest countries in the world and plays an important role in the global economy. Its diversity of indigenous ethnic groups, exemplary education system, and diversity of religion and arts have made it a centre for world culture.

However, Western countries have depreciated China based on prejudice stemming from colonialism. Nonetheless, the technology and art developed by outstanding Chinese figures have had a significant impact on the world. This blog focuses on the outstanding cultural figures of modern China and introduces their contributions.

Philanthropist: Soong Ching-ling

Soong Ching-ling is one of the most important figures in modern Chinese history. She was the wife of Sun Yat-sen and made significant contributions to the development of the republic after the Sun Yat-sen revolution. She was devoted to social welfare and women’s education.

The success of the Chinese revolution owes much to her important contributions. Soong Ching-ling inherited Sun Yat-sen’s ideology and put into practice what is called Sun Yat-sen’s doctrine (Three Principles of the People). The Three Principles of the People include the principles of nationalism, democracy, and the livelihood of the people, but Soong Ching-ling focused on the latter. This is one of the reasons why she made great contributions to the development of Chinese social welfare.

She also worked hard for the women’s liberation movement. Previously, Chinese women did not have the same status as men, and had little chance of social advancement. However, Soong Ching-ling established the Women’s Section of the Nationalist Government when it was founded. She continued to work hard for women’s liberation, and was widely respected as the mother of modern China. Even today, she continues to be celebrated in the People’s Republic of China for her contributions to women’s liberation.

Writer: Lu Xun

Lu Xun exerted a significant influence on modern Chinese literature throughout his life. He was a writer, translator, linguist, and leader of the cultural movement in China.

Lu Xun was known for his robustness and authenticity, and his A Madman’s Diary is considered a masterpiece of modern literature. This novel is known for its sharp criticism of Chinese society and its anti-establishment viewpoint. His literary achievements can be seen in long and short stories, essays, and critiques.

However, Lu Xun has an immense importance that exceeds the aforementioned. His claim is highly valued by other countries. Among them are the problems of Chinese society that his work shows, the general human suffering, and giving people their power.

These problems still apply today. For example, there are many political, social, and humanitarian problems emerging globally, including in the United States. Lu Xun focused on the most painful acts of aggression, unjust systems, and many violent acts that pervade society, portraying these issues most vividly.

And his arguments are not limited to China alone. Although his work was often ignored during his life, it is widely read today. Through his life and work, Lu Xun is recognised as a pioneer of activism.

Film Director: Zhang Yimou

China’s film industry has long been recognised around the world. However, compared to the Western film industry, there have been problems with poor film production facilities and industry control, among other issues. Despite these difficulties, China’s film industry has continued to win international awards through strong convictions and powerful expression.

In this environment, Zhang Yimou is one of the greatest directors in the history of Chinese cinema. He is known for his outstanding directing skills and artistry, and has won many film awards. His film Raise the Red Lantern was a big hit, receiving praise from many people, and as a result, he became famous worldwide.

His position in art is beyond doubt, and his films leave a deep impression in the unique culture, tradition, and changes of China. His films have delicate screenplays and beauty, which is why many people recognise him as a great pioneer in film art.

This blog hopes to deepen people’s understanding of Chinese history and culture for those who are interested through introducing many great cultural figures of China.

Scientist: Tu Youyou

In the history of China, Tu Youyou made a significant contribution to Chinese medicine as a scientist. She began researching treatment for malaria in the 1930s and discovered Artemisinin in the 1960s. This discovery was groundbreaking for malaria patients worldwide.

Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 for her discovery, acknowledging her achievements and giving hope to those continuing active research on malaria.

Throughout her lifetime of dedicating herself to research and discoveries, Tu Youyou faced many difficulties. She sought a position as a scientist and worked for many years at a military research institute. Her efforts were highly praised by many who supported her achievements.

Through her efforts, Tu Youyou brought a new perspective on malaria treatment, making a significant contribution that changed the world. Her discovery had an impact not only on Chinese medicine but also on medicine worldwide.

Potter: Mangurogawa

In the history of Chinese pottery, Banko Gawa is a significant figure. He worked to transform China’s pottery environment in the early 20th century. Banko Gawa studied ceramics at the Kanazawa College of Art in Japan before joining the Chinese Institute of Ceramics Technology, where he learned about the country’s traditional ceramics and advanced techniques.

His work was highly innovative and different from traditional Chinese pottery of the time. Banko Gawa’s pottery was characterized by simple lines and flowing forms, and its beauty was outstanding. Additionally, his work had both functional and aesthetic elements, and was used as daily items.

Banko Gawa made significant contributions to Chinese pottery. By introducing innovative designs, he enabled Chinese pottery to take a new direction. Furthermore, he mentored many young ceramists. Today, his work is considered a masterpiece of Chinese ceramics, and his influence can still be seen in contemporary ceramists.

Banko Gawa led a unique life, and his legacy is immeasurable. For those interested in ceramics or engaged in artistic activities, he is an individual with much to teach.

Conclusion

Chinese cultural figures have achieved remarkable development in various fields through their contributions. Soong Ching-ling worked hard for the rights and status improvement of women. Lu Xun had a great influence on Chinese literature through his novels and essays, and provided a conscientious criticism of society. Film director Zhang Yimou played an important role in the Chinese film industry and was able to enhance cultural pride. Nobel laureate Tu Youyou lit a new fire in the field of medicine through the discovery of artemisinin, which influenced people around the world. Finally, ceramic artist Wan Guping contributed to Chinese ceramics with pure works of art.

Through exchanges with Western society, these cultural figures emphasized the importance of China, and worked to build close relationships with the Western world. They played a role in conveying the beauty and depth of Chinese culture to the West, and gave Western people a deeper understanding and respect.

Based on these achievements, great cultural figures in modern China have been recognized as national heroes and have become the backbone of Chinese culture.